2016 Online Regulation Of Gambling - 970 Words

Leslie Pham Professor White Hos 4590 May 5, 2016 Online Regulation of Gambling Casinos and gambling go well together like cheese and crackers. Gambling has been a part of the hospitality and tourism industry for many years. Most people find it fascinating to see what their chances are of willing a large sum of money is like and perhaps retiring early to enjoy their money. Gambling attracts risk takers and adventurous people and it will always give an adrenaline rush because they are playing with the unknown and it gives them an exciting feeling of anticipation. Throughout history, there has been a corrupt history with gangsters/mobsters and gambling. The mobsters would have their own organized crime in the†¦show more content†¦Most of the calls would be going to Las Vegas and deals were being made constantly. The fear of these organized crimes growing is a big concern for the Department of Justice. It is essentially money laundering. The Department of Justice are looking for â€Å"larger scale organizations† rather than a friend betting twenty dollars over the San Francisco Giants at a tailgate party. The Interstate Wire Act was passed in 1961 and it has been very powerful from then on. However, this has restricted Americans from having a good time with family and friends betting online as well as gambling online. This act created a new law created more consequences to those who participate in the illegal act of making gambles over the phone. As always, there will be some people who will run an online operation of this or perhaps who call to places that use a different name that is more discreet. However, this law has already made a huge impact on America’s economy and hospitality industry. Next, The Unlawful Internet Gambling Enforcement Act (UIGEA) is another law passed by lawmakers to shut down completely of organized illegal activities that are monitored by a third party. The significance of this law is making it impossible for banks and financial institutions to process the checks or transfers. People are confused by this law because it doesn’t prevent others from placing bets online or bet on the wire but it rather focuses on the payments that will be made to another individual in results of

Factors Influencing Customer Satisfaction Free Essays

Course: Research Methodology (BT21603) Lecturer: Dr. Zakariya Belkhamza Name of Members| Matrix Numbers| Signatures| Rachael Ubu| BB11110489| | Nurul Hidayah Binti Ariff| BB11110460| | Annie Thien Li Len| BB11110055| | Nicole Chow Soo Yee| BB11110372| | Surianti Binti Abidin| BB11110579| | Khuzaimah Binti Mohd Nurung| BB11110242| | Jazmiah Jamaluddin| BB11110209| | Mazlinah Binti Majid| BB11110310| | Siti Munirah Bte Abd Malik| BB11160816| | Wang Qin| BB11170684| | 1. 0 Research Topic Factors that affect customer satisfaction in the hotel industry. We will write a custom essay sample on Factors Influencing Customer Satisfaction or any similar topic only for you Order Now 2. 0 Research Background The English word â€Å"hotel† derives from the French word hotel (coming from hote meaning host). It refers to a townhouse which is any building that is frequented by seeing visitors. A hotel is an establishment which provides lodging for a paid short term basis. Kotler (1996) defined customer satisfaction as â€Å"the level of a person’s felt state resulting from comparing a product’s perceived performance or outcome in violation to his/her own expectations. † The importance of this study is to gain knowledge on customer satisfaction and the problems resulting in lack of customer satisfaction in the hotel industry. According to Alex Hisaka (2011), the importance of customer satisfaction can have an impact on your business and if you don’t start paying attention you’ll lose an opportunity to make a customer happy. Customer satisfaction with hotel properties has been identified as one of the factors leading to the success of a tourist destination (Shih, 1986; Yau and Chan, 1990; Stevens, 1992; Mok et al. , 1995). Research into customer satisfaction in the service industry has increased dramatically in recent years (Peterson and Wilson, 1992). Customer satisfaction has long been an rea of interest in academic research. Hunt (1975) considers satisfaction an evaluation on which the customer have experienced with the services is at least as good as it supposed to be. For demographic characteristic, nearly 46 percent of the respondents had stay at Medium- Tariff hotels, 42 percent at High-Tariff â€Å"B† hotels and 12 percent at High-Tariff â€Å"A† hotels. The finding clea rly demonstrates that the services encounter or customer-employee interaction is a major determinant affecting travels’ perceptions in relation to service quality, resulting in their likelihood of returning to the same hotel. . 0 Customer Satisfaction Customer Satisfaction * Service Quality * Room Quality * Service Quality * Room Quality Research Framework 4. 1 Research Problem Hotel industries nowadays are facing one of the most important challenge is to provide and maintain customer satisfaction. Kandampully (2000) Service quality has become a factor important in the overall tourism experience and one which ultimately dictates the success of the tourism business. According to Lewis and Booms (1982), service quality is measure of how well the service delivered matches customer’s expectations. A part from that, room qualities also becomes a factor that can influence customer satisfaction in the hotel industry. Room qualities are important considerations for travel in-lodging selection. It includes cleanliness of room, comfort of bed, and quality of in-room temperature control and quietness of room. (Knutson, 1988; Barsky and Labagh, 1992; McClearly and Weaver, 1992; Gilbert and Morris, 1995; Heung et al. , 1996). Positive relationship can make a higher commitment of customers and increase their rate of return. Long term relationship between customers and hotel is becoming more important as the positive correlation between overall satisfaction levels of visitors and their abilty to return to the same hotel. Since most previous research found out that most study on customer satisfaction in hotel industry focused in Hong Kong, United States and other European countries, where there’s a lack of Malaysian study focusing in Kota Kinabalu, Sabah. Therefore, this research will focus on customer satisfaction in hotel industry in Kota Kinabalu, Sabah. 4. 0 Research Objective 1. To investigate the relationship between service quality and customer satisfaction 2. To investigate the relationship between room quality and customer satisfaction References 1. Choi T. C and Chu. R, 2001, determinant of hotel guests’ satisfaction and repeat patronage in the Hong Kong hotels history. 2. K. s. (kayne) Chan, 1998, journal of hospitality and tourism research. Tutorial 1 Research Methodology 1) What research is all about? 2) Describe the characteristic of scientific method (What is scientific research? ) 3) What is problem statement? How to write a problem statement Answers 1. Research is about doing or making a study in a specific area of interest. According to Saunders, research is defined as something that people undertake in order to find things out in a systematic way, thereby increasing their knowledge. 2. Scientific research is the development of a theory that is then tested through a series of propositions. The characteristics of scientific research are that firstly, we would have to create a hypothesis about the relationship between two variables. Second characteristic is that by using the hypothesis, we would have to test it through a series of propositions. Thirdly, we would have to examine the logic of the hypothesis by comparing them with existing hypothesis relating to our hypothesis. Fourth, we would have to collect appropriate data to measure the variables. Fifth, if the results of the analysis are not consistent with the problems, the hypothesis is rejected and the theory is false. Lastly, if the results are consistent then the theory is true. 3. Problem statement is analyzing the problems related to the hypothesis. By asking the correct problem statements, we can ensure that we can relate the problems to the hypothesis. How to cite Factors Influencing Customer Satisfaction, Essay examples

Successful Factors of Malmaison Hotel Chain free essay sample

I had worked in Malmaison hotel chain for 2 years in various departments taking up different roles, and over the two years, Malmaison hotel chain as an organization has demonstrated potential future market leader quality and showed excellent growth rate, good profitability and increased market share. However, the hospitality industry as a whole, over the past a few years has been far from as optimistic as the Malmaison hotel chain has been. In the West Midlands, for example, it has been common for bars, restaurants, hotels to changed ownership, merged, be acquired, or go bankrupt. Indeed, bars and restaurants are three times more likely to go bankrupt than other businesses in the UK, according to Accountants UHY Hacker Young (2007), Their report revealed that 15. 5% of businesses in the UK hospitality and catering sector (restaurants, pubs, and hotels) fail every year in comparison with just 5. 2 % for the economy as a whole. UHY Hacker Young (2007) had investigated over 150,000 businesses that had failed in the past one year, and found out lots of anecdotal warnings about the high failure rate of restaurants in the first year to be true. In the hospitality industry the owners and managers were struggling with raising second round financing; market research and financial planning were not completed in a proper fashion; loyal customer base that protects against fast changing consumer tastes in bars and restaurants was not developed entirely, all of these have contributed to the high failure rate in the UK hospitality industry businesses. In such an economic and market environment, why Malmaison hotel chain has been a success becomes an interesting subject to study. Malmaison hotel chain was founded in 1994 along with its sister hotel chain Hotel du vin which is also owned by the same company MWB, there are 21 chain hotels that are under the same ownership and there are 3 more hotels which are just opened by the end the 2007 and a further 4 more Malmaison hotels are due to open by the end of 2008. The company is also in negotiation for another 7 sites. Malmaison hotel chain is recognised as the UKs leading lifestyle hotel group that is top of the brands in a recent survey. According to Caterer Hotelkeeper (2008), the survey of 2000 business and leisure travellers by BDRC, revealed that 53% of all travellers said they preferred to go to Malmaison as their first choice, 46% chose Hilton and 40% chose Marriott. Malmaison has over 1,500 bedrooms across the UK. The gross value of these hotel property assets in the Groups latest published accounts to 30th June 2007 was ? 553 million, not to mention the reputation which has gained the group a valuable brand image that worth millions. Over the years the group has won a number of awards, such as best hotel groups in the UK, also it won the best place to work for in the hospitality industry 5 years in a row. It is believed that a key reason for Malmaison hotel chain’s success lies in its efficient and developed human resource management system, productivity and performance measurement and monitoring system, market research team work, strategic management, adaptability to changes and its financial control. These will be investigated and discussed in detail later in the research. . 0 Aim The aim of this research project is to explore what has Malmaison hotel chain done to accomplish such a success while operating in the current UK economic and market environment. 3. 0Project Objectives ?To review the current teaching and practice regarding human resource management, marketing management, financial management, and operational management in relation to the hospitality industry. ?To analyze the management fashion and operation processes of Malmaison and their impact on the performance and productivity of Malmaison. To make recommendations to the management team of Malmaison Hotel Chain to increase the efficiency, effectiveness and the performance of the organization. 4. 0 Literature Review 4. 1 Introduction There are obviously a large number of factors, ultimately all contributing to the success of Malmaison, however, in this research, a limited range of key issues will be addressed which are believed to be the most significant contributing factors behind for Malmaison’s success. The literature review research was supported by electronic resources and library research. There has not been much work been done on the reasons for the success or failure of the UK hospitality industry, and there is even far less attention being paid to hotels. Both strategic marketing management and human resource management are broad concepts, it is therefore, necessary to focus upon a few critical issues within these subjects that have particularly been focused upon in the operation and management of the Malmaison group. 4. 2 Job Satisfaction Job satisfaction is a critical factor that contributes to better performance, Professor Stephen Robbins’ study shows that happy workers are more likely to be productive workers. As a result, the correlation between job satisfaction and job performance is also rather strong (Robbins, 2007). However, George and Jones (2008, p93) pointed out: â€Å"job satisfaction is not meaningfully associated with job performance†. A study that was conducted by Iaffaldano and Muchinsky (1985) in the 1980s in this area concluded that job satisfaction only accounted for 2 percent of the difference in performance levels across employees. Another more recent review indicated a very similar result that job satisfaction only accounted for 3 percent of the difference in performance level across employees. (Judge, Thoresen, et al. , 2001) George and Jones (2008) also mentioned that work attitudes such as job satisfaction affect work behaviours only when employees are free to vary their behaviours. The study suggested that most of the employees are not free to vary their behaviours at work because organizations spend a considerable amount of time and effort to ensure that members perform their assigned duties dependably regardless of whether they like their jobs or not. However, it is worth mentioning that the hospitality industry might be an exception to this rule simply because the work attitudes of the employees account for a very heavy portion of the level of the service in delivering satisfaction to customers’ needs. It will, therefore be worth carrying out further research to study the correlation between job satisfaction and job performance in this particular industry. 4. 3 Motivation, Job Design and Goal Setting Wagner Hollenbeck (2005) suggested that: â€Å"one way for an organization to gain a competitive advantage over its rivals is to generate a more motivated workforce†, â€Å"a person who is highly motivated will start work sooner and leave work later relative to someone is unmotivated. While engaged at work, a highly motivated person will work faster, take fewer breaks, and be less easily distracted relative to someone who is unmotivated†. Job design and goal setting are two of the major factors contributing towards creating motivation, George and Jones’s (2008) study suggested that: â€Å"Job design can have a profound effect on employee motivation. The specific goals employees strive for and the more general corporate objectives that an organization pursues over time are important sources of motivation for employees. † Wagner Hollenbeck (2005) pointed out that the methods of work design developed with the motivational perspective in mind include job enlargement and job enrichment. Callinan, Forshaw Peter’s (2007) studies showed that a job’s core characteristics, which are skill variety, task identity, task significance, autonomy and feedback are believed to be key influences on employee motivation. Goal setting is also considered to be â€Å"communicating accurate information on work performance† and these â€Å"can be positive motivators for employees. † George and Jones (2008) have similar opinions on this subject. They believe that â€Å"two major characteristics of goals that lead to high levels of motivation and performance, one is specificity, the other is difficulty†, â€Å"specific goals lead to higher performance than do vague goals or no goals†, and â€Å"difficult goals (not impossible) lead to higher motivation and performance than do easy or moderate goals. However, there are limits to goal setting theory, Thus, studies by George and Jones (2008) show that there are three particular circumstances under which setting specific, and difficult goals will not lead to high motivation and performance, they are goals which involve employees’ skills and abilities, tasks which require employees’ complete attention and a considerable amount of learning, and when creativity is needed to perform the task. In hospitality, these 3 circumstances do happen very often, this research will be carried out with heavy focus upon these circumstances and issues to review how Malmaison Hotel balance these pros and cons within their organization. 4. 4 Groups and Teams A large amount of work has been done regarding group dynamics and team effectiveness. However, there is one area that is most interesting and related to, not only Malmaison hotel chain, but to the whole hospitality industry, that is the correlation between cohesiveness and performance of groups or teams. George and Jones (2008) suggested there are five factors that influence a group’s level of cohesiveness: 1. Group size, as it gets bigger, members tend to be less satisfied, group between 3 and 15 people are believed to be the right size that promotes cohesiveness. 2. Similarity/diversity of group member, depending on the tasks and situations, similarity and diversity can be beneficial to group cohesiveness. 3. Competition between groups, generally competition will be facilitating group cohesiveness but occasionally it can be dysfunctional and impair effectiveness when there is too much competition within a group. 4. Success, members will be more attracted to a successful group and proud to be a member. 5. Exclusiveness, when it’s difficult to get in a group, and the group has a high status, group cohesiveness tends to be high. However, they also pointed out that occasionally, too much cohesiveness within a group can impair the organization’s effectiveness if the group’s goal is not aligned with the goal of the organization or other groups within that organization, for example waiting staff‘s goals of providing good service in order to get decent tips are aligned with the restaurant’s goal of satisfying customers, but not aligned with bar tending staff’ goals. 4. 5 Leadership Leadership plays an important role in a hotel organization success. Thus, Peter Jones and Steven Gross-Turner pointed out in Managing Projects in Hospitality Organizations, hotels are in a turbulent environment, and â€Å"managers are in fact in the best place to identify what changes need to be made since they are the people who have direct contacts with employees and customers† (Jones et al, 1991). 4. 6 Organizational Structure Centralizing and decentralizing organizational structures are two most used structures nowadays. A decentralized structure will decentralize authority to lower level managers and non-managerial employees, give them the responsibility to make important decisions, keep the problem of slow and distorted communication to a minimum and make the job more interesting and rewarding while, at the same time, fewer managers are needed. (Blau and Schoenher, 1971) However, too much decentralization provides employees with too much authority and they might pursue their own goals at the expense of the goal of the organization. A centralized structure generally has more levels within the organization and provides employees with more opportunities to gain promotion and progress. For the hospitality industry, where employees perform primarily physically, more opportunities clearly will be attractive for those who desire a less physically demanding position. 4. 7 Conclusion Kotler (2001) pointed out that â€Å"today’s successful organizations to a certain degree all have one thing in common, that is they are dedicated to sensing, serving and satisfying the needs of customers in well defined targeted markets†. In the hospitality industry, when service is their major product, this philosophy is obviously critically important. However, how Malmaison strategically positions itself to compete with its rivals is an even more crucial and difficult issue that the proposed research will focus on. 5. 0Methodology 5. 1 Introduction A number of approaches will be taken to collect the needed data and information in order to serve the purpose of this research project, increase the quality of the results and findings and enhance the credibility of the research project. Malmaison hotel chain has over 20 hotels throughout the UK, each individual hotel will be unique and differentiated in terms of their focus and priorities depending on their local customs and culture. However, what this research project will be concentrating on is what the common factors are for the Malmaison hotel chain as a whole that turns the organization into a success. Therefore the Birmingham Malmaison will be the subject of the investigation. Birmingham is a multi cultural city and operating in a multicultural organizational environment has been becoming a trend for organizations world wide. The researcher gained two years working experience in this hotel, and therefore it is especially worthwhile doing the research project in such an environment. (Cox, 2001) To complete this research project, three stages will be taken in order to process the project, they are desk based research, field based research and the preparation of a detailed case study. 5. 2 Desk Based Research At this stage of the investigation, a heavy focus will be upon the articles that address the hospitality industry, hotel management, hospitality strategy, as well as the paper work that states hotel policies, financial and management accounts, board of directors statements, stock control data, and general manager’s letters to all the staff. These secondary data contain enormous amounts of information that indicates the hotel’s management style and attitude and forms the fundamental policy to the customers and market. These data are absolutely the first key for this research and will provides valuable information and evidence on the reasons for the Malmaison hotel chain’s success. In addition to that, some of these data are available to the public and can be quickly and easily collected. Some of these data are not available to the public, but, as a former member of staff, I could still gain access to this information. With the information and evidence collected, the primary data collection work will be much more focused and relatively easier having the support and assistance of the secondary data collected. 5. Field Based Research A series of interviews (8-12 people) will be carried out to gain a first hand insight of the impacts which the management style of Malmaison hotel chain has on its employees, and how it affects the performance of the organization. The interviews will take place in various departments across the organization in order to gain a full understanding of the operation sy stem in the Malmaison hotel chain. Some of the board of directors, the general manager, department managers, sector supervisors, and staff that work at the front line and have direct contact with customers all will be interviewed. The total number of interviews will be between 8 to 12. This will give the evidence and information on how each department functions and what are the impacts of them on each other. One or two suppliers will also be interviewed to provide evidence on how the Malmaison hotel chain cuts deals with suppliers and how they interact with each other and how is it affects the organization financially and what impact it has on the marketing and sales strategy of the organization. However, caution must be taken while conducting these interviews. Thus, Saunders (2002) suggests that it is in the researchers’ own interest to seriously consider the reliability, forms of bias, validity and generalisability of the information obtained. Therefore, carefully prepared interview questionnaires will be used and questions which appear in the questionnaires will also be cautiously selected to gain as fair a view as possible. The framework suggested by Easterby-Smith (1991) may be adopted to make sure that the data generated from the interviews is thoroughly reviewed and evaluated. The stages in this process will include: 1. Familiarisation 2. Reflection 3. Conceptualisation 4. Cataloguing concepts 5. Recording 6. Linking 7. Re-evaluation 5. 4 Preparation of the Case Study A case study will be generated at the final stage of the research by putting together the data that is gathered from the previous stages. The case study will bring up recommendations to the management team of Malmaison hotel chain and also, there will be discussions of to what extent the findings can be generalized and to what degree the Malmaison hotel chain management structure, human resource management policies and operational systems can be copied and utilized by other organizations within, or even outside the hospitality industry. . 0 Ethical Issues While conducting the research and interviews, the financial information of Malmaison will be discussed in the interviews, its financial statement will also be used later in the dissertation to analyse and measure its performance, and such information will be kept confidential. The final report will be identified as ‘Commercial in c onfidence’ and will not be available to a wider audience than those directly involved in its assessment. 7. 0 Task List TaskProblemsSolutions Research literature on hospitality management, current hospitality industry trends analysis in the UK. Limited amount of literature in the area of topic. E- journals, business review magazines, textbooks, newspapers, internet. Review literature and identify relevant and reliable articles. Time consuming to select relevant articles. Time management. Contacting general managers in Malmaison hotel chain to gain access to information. Very difficult to get access to key information and financial report and management accounting report. Utilize my identity as former employee in the organization. Selecting different individuals to conduct interviews. Too many employees to choose fromSelect people who may represent the department and be able to give valuable information and opinion. Arranging interviews with selected staff. Difficult to fit in everyone’s schedule and it’s time consuming since the amount of time between each interview when the person is available is unpredictable. Be patient and positive. Conducting interviews. Response may not be relevant. Textbooks on how to carry out interviews. Transcribe interviews scripts. Time consuming while large amount of information gathered in interviews with limited amount of transcribe skills.

Performance Contract in Kenya as a Strategy for Improvement free essay sample

Performance contract is an agreement between a manager and an employee about the employee’s responsibilities and behaviors during a review period. It can also be defined as an agreement between government and a public agency which establishes general goal for the agency set targets for measuring performance and provide incentives for achieving these targets (Walts, 2003). In Government of Kenya public organization offer low quality service to its citizen despite the competition they opponents which are private sector, for government to make sure this habit of providing low quality service is put to an end, a step should be taken to increase the efficiency of the public enterprise and hence further drain on the country’s treasury resulting from his behaviors. Judges and teachers are refusing to sign performance contract claiming that it will divide there solidarity since it will mean that they are paid according to what they produce/contribute to the organization. We will write a custom essay sample on Performance Contract in Kenya as a Strategy for Improvement or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Teachers and judges claim that performance contract does not conform to there needs hence they cannot sign performance contract since it is a disadvantage to them (Abdulahi, 2008). Performance in public service can be improved by designing performance contract after carefully examining and adapting to the needs of the public sector. When it does not adopt to the particular needs of the public sector most people will not accept to sign the contract, and can be seen in Kenya by most civil servants refusing to sign performance contract (Government of Kenya, 2007). Reasons of driving public sector while providing their service to sign up to some parameter of performance is accountability. Employees in both public and private sector on clearly defined targets, whose achievement ultimately determine their pay packages and bonus payments. According to the government of Kenya example commissioner for higher education (2006/2007), benefit of the contract would be to ensure financial sustainability, enhance and sustain staff commitment and motivation and also ensure excellent service to its citizen. In addition to the provision of the corporation (performance contract) regulation 2004, section 4(2), commission has responded to the contract through various obligations such as setting performance criteria, preparing employees in the commission for the desired change in working styles, attitude and work ethics, signing and negotiating performance contract and by ensuring achievement of performance target. Research show that organization which adopt performance contracting as their policy mostly reach their target and always run at a profit this is because the organizations are desirous of enhancing transparency in the management of organization resources and accountability(Frost,et al. ,2004). People usually resist changes brought about in the work place that is if a change is detected by employees this will strike resistance within the workplace, but with time they will adopt to the new changes, and with this competitive world of ours this it will enhance efficient, effective and ethical delivery of services to the citizens of Kenya.

Emily Dikinson essays

Emily Dikinson essays Death in Emily Dickinsons Poetry Emily Dickinson was largely known for her morbid writings that seemed to mirror her own life. Her best works were written after the death of a close friend or family member. Emily Dickinsons loneliness, deceiving loves, and family members deaths greatly influenced her writings that were a mere attempt to let others know of her problems. The two poems Because I could not stop for Death and I heard a Fly buzz when I Died reflect the same subject matter but convey two substantially different attitude towards death. The first poem portrays the relation between a person and death sneaking up on them and the latter is about a persons ability to perceive even at the time of death. Emily Dickinson was an introspective author who lived her insular life in her familys home in Amherst, Massachusetts. Her immediate family was very important in her life. Her father who held education in high regard was a lawyer, a politician, and the treasurer of Amherst College. Her mother suffered periods of poor health and Emily often felt she was without a mother. In her late twenties, Emily began to withdraw from society. There has been much speculation regarding her agoraphobia.1 Some critics feel she suffered emotional crises due to problematic love affairs with the Reverend Charles Wadsworth but, there seems to be no concrete evidence that this was true.2 The later years of Dickinson's life were tragically marked by the deaths of her closest friends: Emily's father died in 1874, Samuel Bowles in 1878, Holland in 1881, Charles Wadsworth, her love, Dickinsons mother in 1882, and her nephew in 1883.3 Her poetry from that period shows an obsession with death that ha s come to characterize Dickinsons work as a whole. Emily died in 1886 of kidney failure. After her death Lavinia, Emilys sister, found her poem collection and had the poet...

Why Clothes Wrinkle

Why Clothes Wrinkle Question: Why Do Clothes Wrinkle? Answer: Heat and water cause wrinkles. Heat breaks the bonds holding polymers in place within the fibers of a fabric. When the bonds are broken, the fibers are less rigid with respect to each other, so they can shift into new positions. As the fabric cools, new bonds form, locking the fibers into a new shape. This is both how ironing gets wrinkles out of your clothes and why letting clothes cool in a heap fresh from the dryer will instill wrinkles. Not all fabrics are equally susceptible to this type of wrinkling. Nylon, wool, and polyester all have a glass transition temperature, or temperature below which the polymer molecules are almost crystalline in structure and above which the material is more fluid, or glassy. Water is the key culprit behind wrinkling of cellulose-based fabrics, such as cotton, linen, and rayon. The polymers in these fabrics are linked by hydrogen bonds, which are the same bonds that hold together molecules of water. Absorbent fabrics allow water molecules to penetrate the areas between the polymer chains, permitting the formation of new hydrogen bonds. The new shape becomes locked in as the water evaporates. Steam ironing works well on removing these wrinkles. Permanent Press Fabrics In the 1950s, Ruth Rogan Benerito, of the Department of Agriculture, came up with a process for treating a fabric to render it wrinkle-free, or permanent press. This worked by replacing the hydrogen bonds between polymer units with water-resistant cross-linked bonds. However, the crosslinking agent was formaldehyde, which was toxic, smelled bad, and made the fabric itchy, plus the treatment weakened some fabrics by making them more brittle. A new treatment was developed in 1992 that eliminated most of the formaldehyde from the fabric surface. This is the treatment used today for many wrinkle-free cotton garments.

Analyze how realistic this rags-to-riches story is in today's America Essay

Analyze how realistic this rags-to-riches story is in today's America - Essay Example In actuality, poor people from various ethnic backgrounds have more chance of realizing financial independence in different European nations than in the United States. The myth of American opportunity has probably persisted due to the chances that existed for motivated immigrants in past centuries. In the 19th century, America was obviously a better option for slum dwellers in England and Continental Europe. The chances that individuals from these nations found in America were so different from those they were exposed to in their motherlands that they began to view America as a land akin to paradise. Horatio Alger’s book, ‘Ragged Dick’ mirrors this enthusiasm about the chances given by America to the disenfranchised. In ‘Ragged Dick’, the hero lives in New York City and starts out in a deprived and pitiable state, but, due to hard work and dedication, ends up being educated and respected by society. The latter part of the 19th century was a time of ch ange and great progress in American History. Moreover, it was also a time of falsehood. The reality is that corruptive practices, at this time, were more accepted in today’s America. ... Gangs randomly attacked successful business men and forced them to pay ‘protection fees’ in order to keep operating. Politicians were corrupt and did not have the current organizations that check excesses to curtail their crooked activities. In Horatio Alger’s book, Dick is a dedicated and punctilious person who takes advantage of the opportunities that come his way (Alger 247). Alger shows how his main character gains an opportunity to improve his chances of overcoming poverty when he is rewarded for being of assistance to the child of a rich man. This, in itself, presents a contradiction in what Alger believed about the American society’s fairness. For instance, if Dick had been of African American ancestry, it is unlikely that he would have been given the chance to improve his life even if he had saved fifty sons of rich men. Dick was privileged in this particular circumstance, even though he was poor, because he was from the accepted race. In today†™s world, people from all ethnic backgrounds do not have equal opportunity to improve their lives in spite of what is constantly asserted by the media. The fact that America has become more technologically advanced and is also experiencing a recession merely makes things harder for people or migrants who have little in the way of material goods to raise themselves economically. Not all Americans are well-educated. This means that there will be a lot of competition for the existing blue-collar jobs. In such cases, it is likely that ethnic minorities will be disadvantaged as those that are able to bribe for the jobs or belong to the predominant race are given the existing opportunities. Where white-collar jobs are concerned, sex, race, education and good resumes are

The Kurdish Struggle to Establish an Autonomous State within Turkey Essay

The Kurdish Struggle to Establish an Autonomous State within Turkey - Essay Example Most of these countries (particularly Turkey) have issues with the formation of an autonomous Kurdish region for several reasons which will be discussed within this paper. The Kurds have their own unique culture, language and religious beliefs that set them apart from the general population of the countries in which Kurdistan is currently politically part of, and have been persecuted by these nations throughout history. One of the main issues in Kurdistan is the struggle to form an autonomous nation that recognizes the rights and rich history of these people. Interestingly, the Iraqi government recognized the state as early as 1970 (Houston, 2008), giving the Kurdish people within Iraq autonomous rule, but the other governments, in particular Turkey, have not recognized the area as separate and autonomous and this is a constant source of tension within the area today. Within Turkey, the Kurds are the largest non-Turkish ethnic group (Barkey & Fuller, 1998), a fact which the Turkish p eople perceive as the main reason why the Kurds are the biggest threat to Turkish national identity and perhaps why these people struggle within Turkey. This essay will focus primarily on the Kurdish people within Turkey and identify some of the key issues and solutions in this situation. Current events will be utilized to show the troubles within the area and highlight the positives and negatives of being a Kurd in modern Turkey. History of Kurdistan To properly understand the struggles of the Kurdish people in Turkey, it is necessary to have a complete historical background of the area and discuss how the language and culture of these people has developed over time. Not only is this an interesting standalone topic, it highlights some of the differences between the people of Kurdistan and the Turkish population, a source of great tension between the two cultures. Kurdish culture can be traced back to ancient history. It has been suggested that the ancient Kingdom of Corduene is ana lagous to the modern-day Kurdistan (Houston, 2008), and may of the ancient districts of this area correspond well to modern district. The first reference to Kurdistan (or Land of the Kurds) is found in a Christian document which describes the Christian Saints of the area, people who were driven out of the area by Pagans (Barkey & Fuller, 1998). The Kurdish language is believed to have developed from a dialect of Iran in the early centuries of the Common Era (Houston, 2008). From here on, there is a clearer history of the area. The Middle Ages saw the development of several Kurdish provinces such as Shaddadid, Marwanid and Rawadid (Meiselas & Bruinessen, 1997), all fairly autonomous regions which can be likened to modern-day emirates. They were under religious and political control of Khalifs, but this was indirect and not particularly forceful, allowing the Kurdish culture to begin to develop into something recognizable today. Islam was first brought to the area in 641CE by an Arab leader known as Utba ibn farqad (Meiselas & Bruinessen, 1997), and was followed by a number of uprisings, revolutions and conquests by Muslim leaders. It was the loss of power from the Byzantine and Sasanian empire by these Muslim caliphates that led to the Kurdish people being allowed to identify mountain administrators and set up independent states in the eastern Taurus mountain ranges, where Kurdish people can still be found today (Meiselas & Bruinessen, 1997). The modern history of Kurdistan is also fascinating. The 16th century brought many wars to the area and eventually the modern area of Kurdistan was split between the Safavid and Ottoman empires. Most Kurds lived in the Ottoman empire until World War I, when the Allied troops tried to split the area into several distinct

Education Essay Example for Free

Education Essay The terms dreadful and dreary are fitting descriptions to partly describe the education I had back in Korea. As Rose would explain it, schools that do well, with teachers and facilities that really contribute to the real education of the mind do exist (Rose 1989). However, during his and my time, the settings were somehow similar. I had gone through subjects that were forced on me as if food that makes one to flip over. Korean education for me was a little bit like â€Å"blind leading the blind† idea. Being raised a South Korean I experienced the hell education is. Vocational school really meant to prepare us for the world of work as it is also projected to do for people here in the United States. Back then, the vocational section of our school actually meant schooling for the average and the below average; students who seemed to have no other future like in the university, but to get married and work in some kind of factory or behind an isolated desk. Like the banking concept of Freire which the author elaborated as the absence of dialogue and problem-posing set-up and replaced or dominated by control and depositing of the all too-knowledgeable teacher, my past experience exactly mimic Freire’s descriptions when I was under the tutelage of mentors who also just passed on the kind of ignorance they received from others before them (Freire 1993 ch 2). It was a mixture of hell and a hellish kind of experience. Rose’s apt depiction of his adventure in a jungle of misappropriation of learning may not be as exactly the same as mine, but the fact that I just somehow drifted then and passively went through schooling was a dismal failure to me. Failure because I had emerged with the same credulity and only a bit sophisticated with getting away with my increasing ignorance about many things. Fortunately, despite my parents’ lack of know how, their wise supervision over us children became very crucial and important as I emerged an adolescent and a young person. The time when we reached mainland USA had somehow spelled differently for me. Things like being introduced to a teacher much like Rose had in the person of Mr. MacFarland (Rose 1989), worlds of ideas and opportunities opened for me when I was tutored by this wonderful person who had the patience to point to me my inadequacies and strengths in a very non-threatening yet forceful manner, awakening me to rise to the challenge of emerging from being average to strike at what I do best. I just wanna be average† (Rose 1989) is well maybe a safe battle cry for most because it removes the guilt and even more so the pressure to become somebody who actually has a lot more insecurities than the truly â€Å"average† guy. Or so I thought. However, things are a bit a changing as the song goes. I have a passion within me that had started to burn deep within and refuse to go away. This is the passion to inquire, to absorb, to learn and to explore the many â€Å"whys† that had cropped up incessantly since a teacher started to lead us how to make inquiries. This is exactly what Freire would have wanted. Teachers become dominators when they truly believe that the students are just out there in front of them as willing audience to a â€Å"play† with which only one is the protagonist and antagonist and that is the teacher (Freire 1993). Unless the mentor thinks as a student as well, immersing himself again in the shoes of his â€Å"mentees† he will soon forget that these little people in front of him actually have minds of their own; that no matter what one teaches, those minds will leave the hall devoid of real encounters and real and practical materials that they ought to carry with them until college days are over. Conclusion and recommendation Indeed, being average has its place, but when the teachers start to label and judge a student or students as only that, the teacher ceases to understand the mindset that is still very much malleable, and capable of immense exploits. Several suggestions not very different from the proposed learning set-up by Freire are in my mind. The management of the classroom experiences are structured or planned such that the students or pupils will have sufficient time and space to develop their powers of inquiry. This is their entitlement to empowerment; i. e. he students start to have a sense of control and directions with their own learning. When this happens, the students feel committed and engaged and are â€Å"hooked† as what has happened to Mike Rose. What Mike Rose described in his accounts are telling of the general atmosphere in most traditionally run schools not just even in the United States. Elsewhere in countries who look up to Uncle Sam are institutions following our footsteps and producing the same sad, sad stories of students who are gripped by the powerful influence of teachers who do not teach but make their audience depositories of a different kind. The process of developing an inquiring mind is not very easy. It takes a lot of creativity and constant research and innovations from that of the teacher to produce materials or activities that encourage the students to make and generate questions pertaining to and not only confined to the lessons defined in the syllabus. This is the reason that Freire often referred to as the teacher playing and assuming the role as well as that of the student. This stance takes into the premise then, that students in whatever economic status in life they may spring from, are not dumb and altogether passive. They start to be that way because most teachers expect them to behave as such. Various theoretical perspectives in learning actually boil down to the realization that in order for real learning to happen, the students must craft their own ideas and concepts, and must take ownership of the kinds of lives they must eventually lead. This is accountability and responsibility.

White Mountain National Forest :: Essays Papers

White Mountain National Forest Legend has it that the White Mountains received their name from early sailing visitors to New England who saw the distant snow capped peaks in the distance as the sailed south along the coast. The White Mountain National Forest was established to protect these mountains in 1911. This followed the passage of the Weeks Act, due in large part to public outcry, which allowed the federal government to purchase private land East of the Mississippi River to create parks for public use. Prior to the establishment of the White Mountain Forest the area had been utterly ravaged by unrestricted and uncontrolled logging, which spawned massive fires that ripped across the barren landscape. From the original purchase of 7,000 acres in Benton, New Hampshire, the Forest has grown over the years, and now encompasses 800,000 acres. Of this, 112,000 acres (@ 15%) have been designated as wilderness. The remaining area is conserved for activities and uses including recreation, wildlife habitat, water, wilderness and timber. Today, tree harvesting occurs on only about 0.5% of the forest at any given time. Approximately 29 million board-feet of timber are taken annually from the forest (1 million board-feet builds about 100 two-thousand square foot homes). Harvesting is selected and carried out carefully to improve recreational facilities, create trails and vistas, improve wildlife habitat and provide wood products. The White Mountain National Forest is also one of the most heavily visited forests in the national system, with over 6 million visitors each year. Visitors enjoy backpacking, swimming, camping, snowmobiling, scenic driving, skiing and dogsledding. The forest is also the home of the state’s tallest peak, the 6,280’ Mount Washington. Mount Washington is the tallest peak in New England and is home to some of the worlds most dangerous weather. Washington, and the rest of the Whites, are cared for by the Appalachian Mountain Club. Founded in 1876, the AMC is the oldest conservation and recreation association in the U.S.. Today the organization has over 87,000 members worldwide. The AMC promotes â€Å"the protection, enjoyment, and the wise use of the mountains, rivers, and trails of the North-east.

The Metamorphosis

The Metamorphosis is a fiction novel that attempts to explore idealism concealed in fantasy. The protagonist, Gregory is a sales man who is the bread winner of the family. He is a child of the family, but works hard to take care of his family, including his parents. He has a very busy and tiring life. He is ever out on business trips or at work. His hard work is not in vain, he is able to meet the needs of his family. He does not like the job however, he is only striving to clear his parents' debts, after which he intends to quit. It is at this point that the story gets dramatic suddenly, he metamorphoses into a vermin. The family is shocked at first, then when they realize he is no longer beneficial, they decide to get rid of him. The novel does not dwell on the event. The reader is faced with the aftermath. The whole happening, the how, is missing from the text. Perhaps the account of this is missing because Gregory must have been asleep, therefore could not decipher changes in his body. The main theme in the story is alienation. The story follows a simple straight forward plot which present the reader with a chance to easily comprehend. Gregory is alienated from the society, his family and himself. He opts for a permanent elimination after his metamorphosis. This is due to the fact that life becomes almost unbearable. He is an insect with a human identity. The alienation in the storyThe story appears simple and superfluous. From the onset, where Gregory turns into a vermin, the reader's spirit is invoked into deep thought. The whole ideas seems irrational if not illogical, at least by the laws of science. We get to interact with the life of a business man, who can no longer fend for the family due to his new state. The whole story appears metaphoric as it goes beyond natural instincts.The story is carefully designed to make the user come to terms with it citation. This is to illustrate the truth of metamorphosis. Scientifically, metamorphosis is a process of irreversible transfiguration from one less developed form to a more developed form. In a story that attempts to create a fantasy in a real world, the reader is thrown into an unreal world that is unrecognizable by the mind. How can a man change into a Vermin overnight?As the story progresses, it gets clearer when compared with the present day industrial revolution. The advancement in technology makes the metamorphosis ‘real'. The story is symbolic and it gives a forecast into the future. The present day levels of alienation will be surpassed. The more the social Medias grow the more individualism grows. This shoots alienation to a whole new level.Much of the story is based on the after metamorphosis has taken place.it is only after he has turned into a gigantic insect that he begins to analyze his life. He had never thought about his interests at deep length. His main goal had been to work as hard as possible for the family. His parents had a debt which he had purposed to clear. When he turns into a vermin, he does not even for a moment ponder over the possibility. He is only thinking about how he is going to get to his job. To be able to sustain the family. He relates the situation with his inability to work, and laments about that only. He does not worry about how it happened. He quickly adapts to being an insect and hides behind the couch. He takes the whole life of an insect and alienates himself further. At the realization that he is no longer human, his family develops hostility. He becomes an enemy. The father wants to kill him while the mother faints. He is further alienated when the family gets ashamed of being with him. The members of his family thinks he is very ugly, dirty and scary. He also gets to develop the same attitude towards himself.We are showed how much serious it gets after metamorphosis has had effect. He is denied his rights. He is not a family member anymore. He has to adjust to a new life. Eating like an insect, sleeping under the couch among other sad realities. He has never had a chance to be close to anybody, since he has always been busy working. He had no personal life, his had been just work. It is only with his sister, Grete, whom he is a bit close with.He has always wanted to advance her studies in violin. He loved the way she played it. But now he could not even get a chance to watch her play, he was considered a nuisance.He loses track of his old life. He instead finds himself as a human being trapped in an insect body. He still yearns for his human lifestyle and hopes to incorporate it in his insect life. For instance, he does not approve of the decision by his family to remove the furniture from his room. His family assumes that he does not need them anymore since he is not a human now. But he does not cherish the idea of running around in an empty room. He however, is unable to make his wish known to them. His is an insect, with an ugly appearance. If he shows up to try to prove a point, it would only scare them and perhaps attract more hostility. Therefore he decides to maintain a passive nature. He prefers his room as it was previously as it reminds him that he is human. He wants to feel that he is still human, with feelings. He is not yet ready to lose his human identity as of yet. Earlier, he had a job and he was human, however, he was still alienated. He had work to attend to since he was the breadwinner of the family. Gregory was naturally motivated by the suffering of others. He didn't want any other member of the family struggling. He worried about their wellbeing and for this cause, he was always alone working. He would either be in restaurant rooms on business trips or at work on his own. His urge to help his family is crystal clear, although this contributes actively to his alienation. The novel vividly describes Gregory's plight before he undergoes metamorphosis. He starts lowly, then with hard work and great effort, he is able finally, to feed the family comfortably. The family is happy at his efforts, but does not make any attempts to understand his personal life. The family gets used to the provisions he makes. The family alienates him and does not see beyond the money he makes.Gregory dislikes his job. The job prevents him from living a life true to his lifestyle. He is forced into the job by circumstances. He plans on walking out, but cannot do so presently because he has a debt to clear. A debt he is paying for his parents. His selfless nature adds more to his personal sufferings as man. This makes his life unbearable even before his metamorphosis. He sticks to job he hates not because he wants to, but because of a more honorable cause. This, as expected, alienates him further. The protagonist, Gregory agrees to die, when the sister, with whom he had ever managed an intimate relationship with, finally decides that they need to get rid of him. â€Å"The decision that he must disappear was one that he held to even more strongly than his sister if that were possible. In this state of vacant and peaceful meditation, he remained until the tower clock struck three in the morning. The first broadening of light in the world outside the window entered his consciousness once more. Then his head sank to the floor of its own accord and from his nostrils came the last flicker of his breath.† (135pg). He approves of the idea partly because he thinks that it would do the family good. He thought he was already becoming a burden, and one who is used to reaching out to people, promptly approves of his death. This is the final stage and the most fatal permanent alienation he subjects himself to. The novel brings Gregory's alienation to light before and after metamorphosis. He suffers both as a human and as an insect. He suffers more as a vermin as compared to when he was still human. He can no longer go to work, thus the guilt weighs more heavily on him. He is now an insect and feels that he needs to disappear from the lives of his family members, therefore he opts for a permanent method. He dies, thereby alienating himself permanently.

Health Campaign Paper Essay

The concept of the Philadelphia Department of Public Health was developed in 1732 when the Philadelphia Almshouse began to provide free hospital care to the poor. According to the City of Philadelphia (2010), the Department of Public Health protects health and promotes healthy lifestyles for all Philadelphians. The Department of Public Health â€Å"provides services, set policies, and enforce laws that support the dignity of every man, woman, and child in Philadelphia† (City of Philadelphia, 2010). There are thirteen divisions of the department that are responsible for providing patient services related to those divisions. Each of the division has a primary focus to use to remain on task to achieve the goals of the division. Core Functions According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (2011), there are three core functions relating to public health. The three core functions are assessment, policy development, and assurance. Each core function has related essential services that are necessary for each function to be completed. One of the divisions of the Philadelphia Department of Public Health is Disease Control. There are seven services of Disease Control which include acute communicable disease control, bioterrorism and public health preparedness, epidemiology, immunization, sexually transmitted disease control, tuberculosis control, and data and reports. Each of these services work together to assess the spread of disease (including the amount and types of diseases spread), researches ways to control disease processes, develops and implements public health plans to control the spread of disease, and provides information based on the recorded observations to both the health care and public populat ions. Reassurance is provided to the population by relaying information via media, health bulletin, and public service announcements regarding disease processes, control, and prevention. There are eight health centers operated by the Philadelphia Department of Public Health that provide care to neighborhood patient populations. These centers accept insurance, Medicare, Medicaid, and uninsured patient population. Basic outpatient and acute care services, medical management, checkups, women’s health, counseling, lab work, and social work support are all provided by the centers. This additional care allows the burden of care to be shared in the community and not just at the local hospital. When patients register for appointments they have the option to see the same physicians to provide continuity of care for each visit. There are also many federally funded clinics in operation according to the City of Philadelphia (2010). The clinics also work with the local health centers and hospital to provide care to the area residents. Influencing Hospital Setting Public health has directly affected the many things in the hospital setting since its development. The control of infectious diseases is a direct response to the development of public health initiatives. According to the Association of Schools of Public Health (2012), education for both health care workers and general population to increase sanitation has significantly increased reduction of the spread of infectious diseases. Today assessing and monitoring hand washing technique is frequently done hospital wide to prevent spread of infection. Education is provided continually for patients and health care providers as well as reporting of hand washing monitoring statistics related to facility hand washing reports. Continual reassurances of the benefits of hand washing are shared in staff meetings, facility conferences, and performance reviews by administration and management. Risk factor modification for blood pressure control has proven beneficial in decreasing coronary artery disease and stroke mortality rates reports the Association of Schools of Public Health (2012). Public awareness of genetic factors has been promoted via public service announcements, blood pressure/diabetes screenings, and hospital awareness newsletters. Hospitals have incorporated coronary artery disease and stroke awareness into programs to reduce stroke and myocardial infarction mortality rates. Many facilities have added to the awareness by adding public health fairs to promote risk factor awareness, disease prevention, and health promotion. Role of Public Health Workers â€Å"Public health professionals try to prevent problems from happening or re-occurring through implementing educational programs, developing policies, administering services, regulating health systems and some health professions, and conducting research, in contrast to clinical professionals, such as doctors and nurses, who focus primarily on treating individuals after they become sick or injured† (Association of Schools of Public Health ,2012). Public health workers can be anyone from a physician to the sanitation worker. Public health workers are responsible for the duties they were trained for professionally as well as collecting data, discovering resources, provides, emotional support, plans for preparedness for disasters, provides education, and provides organization to work toward positive outcomes using the information gathered and plans developed. Researchers, for example, gather the information and collect surveys to assess the public’s health care needs. The information is used to determine the changes that need to be made as well as the public education that has to be provided. Social needs are also addressed by social workers and counselors to provide support and reassurance. Providig reassurance allows many to feel that their questions and concerns will be addressed. Follow up surveys may also be used to assess the education process and obtain long term feedback from the population addressed. Conclusion Public health is a demanding but fulfilling job for many individuals who work together for the good of society. Continually assessing the needs of the communities allows disease processes to be defined and investigated appropriately to gauge its danger to the surrounding population. Researching and developing plans for controlling the disease process allows educational pieces to be developed to relay to the population to provide reassurance of a possible solution or changes that must be made to avoid the disease process all together. The Philadelphia Department of Public Health has a large population to provide services to. The Divisions assist by breaking down services into manageable parts to be assessed and developed individually. Working together with local hospitals and clinics provides continuity of care between services while receiving education to better the city for future residents. References Association of Schools of Public Health. (2012). The 20th century’s ten great public health achievements in the United States. Retrieved from http://www.whatispublichealth.org/impact/achievements.html Centers for Disease control and Prevention. (2011, May 25). Core functions of public health and how they relate to the ten essential services. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/nceh/ehs/ephli/core_ess.htm City of Philadelphia. (2010). Public health city of Philadelphia life liberty and you. Retrieved from http://www.phila.gov/health/AboutDPH.html

Factors that determine your success as a kid

Factors that determine your success as a kid 13 Things You Need to Be A Successful Kid! Want to be successful and trying to determine some dependencies, which can make you such a person? Or are you a loving parent and want to make everything possible to bring up a prosperous person? Scientists have made thousands of investigations, directed on the examination of parent and children relations, behavior patterns and other facts. There is no doubt that parents and family environment are the determinants for kid’s further life. Children are absorbing all behavior and emotional patterns, so they are like a mirror of their parents. The scientists prove that even small habits and parent’s actions matter for kid’s success. So the most common things, which are characteristic for successful kids are: Doing chores Scientists prove that children, who are made to do chores, are more organized and disciplined. These children are more successful at school than the kids, who do not perform some kind of household duties. When a kid understands that he/she has the range of certain responsibilities, it is easier for them to adapt for educational or real life environment. Sufficient social skills As follows from the scientific research, one more success factor for kids is represented by the social skills, which they have developed due to their parents. If parents have active social positions and have quite a big circle of contacts, their children have all chances to develop their social skills and have more effective results in the communication. Parents with high expectations If parents feel reliance upon their children and plan their college education or carrier, this will motivate their children. In such a way kids make more efforts and feel more responsibility. Indifferent and not caring parents usually have less successful children with poor number of achievements. Healthy relations with parents When parents and children are friends, children have fewer reasons for deviant behavior.   Healthy relations with parents make children happier and more capable to cope with different situations, always feeling the support of their relatives. Parents with higher educational degree If parents have completed education in higher institution, their kids are more likely to do the same. And higher educational degree correspondingly means more chances for success in professional sphere. Scientists assure that the percentage of successful kids with certified parents is distinctively higher. Learning math from early on It was noticed by the meta-analysts, that children, who have background knowledge of numbers and their order, have better study results further. Besides, kids gain high achievements not only in math, but in other subjects and gain reading and writing skills faster. Warm and developed relationships with parents Thus, relationships with parents are the determinative factors for kids’ lives. That is great when kids ask advices, share their problems and have trust-based communication with their parents. Such kind of relations gives confidence and provides a moral support. Less stress The emotional state of parents is absorbed by their kids. So when parents have less stress situations, it is reflected positively on their children. Less stress gives more emotional strength and effectiveness by reaching different goals within the kid’s life. Effort to avoid failure When kids strive to avoid any sort of failures, using their abilities or making efforts to develop new ones, it is great if parents appreciate this. In such a way their parents create an image of persons who achieve success, no matter what failures and misfortunes are on their paths during lives. Working mom If a child has a mom who spends much time working and earning money he or she generates an example of the person who knows the value of a labor. Also such life conditions provide more time for children to develop independence and more â€Å"adultery† view on life from an early age. Higher socioeconomic status No wonder that the higher socioeconomic status of a person is, the more abilities for his or her children are accessible and there are more ways in life to follow. It is sad that people possess different socioeconomic statuses, but anyway, for those who set their goals and try to realize them, there exist no obstacles that can stop them. Authoritative parents Authoritativeness is best for the children bringing-up process. In such a way they learn from their closest people how to behave in a correct way without letting others do inappropriate things and perform not strict, but right control. Learning ‘grit’ â€Å"Grit† is the ability to achieve the goal on long-lasting terms, and if the children possess such a quality, they can more easily and possibly reach their goals, that they set for themselves. This feature is essential for those who want to bring their dreams into reality, no matter what.

How To Write A Business Memo [Free PDF Template]

How To Write A Business Memo [Free PDF Template] What is the meaning of internal memo? The term "internal memo" is actually redundant since a memo is always an internal document. A memo is a business document that communicates information internally in an organization. A business letter communicates information outside of an organization. Email is used both inside and outside an organization. Here is a standard business memo format model. Note: a business memo should not exceed two pages. Memo Format Example Letterhead (drop down 1.5 inches from Letterhead) Memo To: Name of Person and Title in Organization From: Your Name Date: Month, Day, Year Subject: Be very specific (NOTE: There is no salutation greeting in a memo, as there is in a letter or email.) I propose that we purchase or lease a van to serve as a mobile bookstore. We could use this van to generate sales in the outlying towns and villages throughout the state where our retail stores are not penetrating. (Direct and brief introduction which sums up the point of the memo succinctly.) Rationale for Van (informative heading.) We have been aware for some time that many small towns around the state do not have adequate bookstore facilities, but the economics of the situation are such that we would not be able to open a comprehensive branch and operate it profitably. However, we could afford to stock a van with books and operate it for a few days at a time in various small towns throughout the state. As you are probably aware, the laws of this state would permit us to acquire a statewide business license fairly easily and inexpensively. (Provides brief, but full, background and feasibility information to the reader.) With the proper advance advertising, we should be able to generate much interest in this initiative. It seems to me that this idea has much merit because of the flexibility it offers us. For example, we could tailor the length of our stay to the size of the town and the amount of business generated. Also, we could customize our inventory to the needs and interests of the particular locales.(Additional persuasive information.) Actions Request The driver of the van would act as the salesperson, and we would, of course, have copies of our complete catalog so that mail orders could be taken as well. Please let me know your thoughts about this proposal. If you wish, I can explore the matter further and generate cost and sales estimates. (Clear closing that asks for specific action.) Memorandum Format PDF Example The Purdue University Online Writing Lab shares this downloadable PDF example. It provides another strong example of proper formatting. Notice the format: All text is justifed to the left side of the page. None of the first paragraphs are indented. Business documents use justified left format, while academic format indents the first paragraph. Text is single spaced between lines. There is double spacing between paragraphs. How to End a Memo Notice that there is no closing signature in a memo, as there would be in a business email or business letter. The best ending for a memo is a clear closing action, stated in the last paragraph. And, be very clear about what you want your reader to know or do after reading the memo, which makes it easy for your reader to respond. Master Business Writing in This Course: Effective Business Writing Techniques

Federal debt Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Federal debt - Research Paper Example all the state loans whether it is incurred for exploiting the natural resources of a country or for meeting or preparing for the war, or any commercial purposes, etc. is termed as Government Debt. (Hansen, 1941) The federal debt is created because the annual deficit of the government when the receipts of the government in a current year falls below the government spending. (Butler) This deficit is the amount that the government has to finance from other sources. The nature of the government debt is such that it is the debt of the people of the country which is why it is also known as the public debt as the government has to repay that debt by the amount it generates from the public in form of taxes. Therefore, it can be said to be the taxpayer’s indirect debt. (Peavler) State can raise loans in different forms. It may obtain loans from people within the country or from other states or by issue of inconvertible paper currency. There is always a limit of borrowing in each case whichever method is adopted by the state. If that limit is crossed, the country is bound to suffer. We discuss below the various forms of state borrowing and also the limit to which the state can borrow. When the state finds it difficult to raise its revenue by taxation then it resorts to borrowing from citizens and financial institutions within the country. That may fall into short term loans or long term loans or both. Now, it depends upon the socio-economic conditions of the country that how much loan the state will obtain. The state can also raise loans from the Central Bank of the country. The Central Bank purchases the government securities, bonds and debentures from the government and advances loans against them. It is that loan which is raised through international money markets, foreign governments and international agencies such as IMF. When state requires wealth, it makes effort to get as much loan as it can from other states. Foreign governments take into account many